Divination on St Valentine’s Eve – Superstitions in the West Country.

On Thursday 8th February 1934 the Western Morning News carried a column by Ruth E St Leger Gordon of Sticklepath concerning plants and flowers and their association with festivals and religious days.  Nestled between Candlemas (2nd Feb) and St Valentine’s Eve she mentions both:

“the festival Candlemas, or the Feast of the Purification, on the second day of this month, besides being rich in quaint weather lore and ” prophecies,” brings to mind at least three familiar plants. 

Snowdrop purest white arraie 

First rears her head Candlemas Daie;

and as this first of our spring blossoms, so white and spotless-looking in contrast to the still bare, dark earth, begins to be in evidence at this time, its double association with the date is plain. 

“Down with the rosemary and baies”

wrote Robert Herrick in his poem for “Candlemas Eve”, which has the effect of connecting these evergreens in our minds with Candlemas, though actually it was to their final disappearance as “Christmas decorations” to which the poet referred.” 

We still sing of the Boar’s head bedecked with Bay and Rosemary in our Christmas carols.

Regards removing Christmas decorations: in the North custom suggests it must be done by New Year or risk the wrath of Goblins; in the West Country decorations are removed by Twelfth night, 6th January, which was my childhood ‘rule’; and still others remove them by Candlemas.

As readily available evergreens, rosemary and bay were associated with weddings and funerals (Rosemary for remembrance), and were probably used on many other festive occasions too, possibly covered with scented water to enhance their pleasant smell.   She tells us Sir Thomas More said : “As for Rosemarine, I lett it run alle over my garden walls, not onlie because bees love it, but because ’tis the herb sacred to remembrance. ” 

She also mentions 

“one economically-minded individual who, upon the death his first wife, was anxious fix his wedding day with the second in order that the sprigs of rosemary and bay used for the funeral might function again in the wedding feast! “

“Rosemary and bay are coupled again in an old Devonshire charm against witchcraft. Certain herbs were to collected upon auspicious dates and times, after which, 

The paper ‘arbs is to be burned, a small bit time, on a few coals, with a little Bay and Rosemary, And, while it is burning, read the two first verses of the 68th Psalm, and say the Lord’s Prayer after.”

Bays and rosemary were also employed for divination purposes on St Valentine’s Eve.   Water of course was an essential of daily life and did not come piped. Divining where one could find water was important. She does not tell us whether this was for prophesy, divining the future or for water.  There certainly is folklore about seeing your future true love in dreams or down wells in the reflections on St Valentine’s day!  The Pastons (medieval letters) and various poets mention choosing Valentines, for example by casting a name into the fire to divine which is the one for you. The Cambridge library collection blog suggests other methods of divination:

“you could try fastening a bay leaf to each corner of your pillow, and one in the middle; then boil an egg, take out the yolk, fill the space with salt, eat (including the shell) and await developments.”

Whilst these herbs were mostly plentiful and cheap Ruth St Leger Gordon tells us that 

“the year of the great plague prices rose such an extent that “Rosemary, which had wont to be sold for twelve pence an armefull, went, now for six shillings handful”.  I wonder, have we missed a trick with Covid?

Happy Valentine’s Day!

FROM DEVON TO YORKSHIRE – a migration story

South Yorkshire Times and Mexborough & Swinton Times – Saturday 30 March 1940 (Transcript adjusted by Helen Shields November 2021, with thanks to British Newspaper Archive)

TOGETHER IN DEATH 

BITTER-SWEET END TO WOMBWELL COUPLE’S ROMANCE 

FROM DEVON TO YORKSHIRE

Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Osborn: A life partnership of forty-odd years founded on the background of a boy and girl courtship in Devon reached a bittersweet ending yesterday when the couple were laid to rest, side by side in Wombwell Cemetery. 

The couple were Mr. Albert Thomas Osborn (66), and his wife Lucy Osborn (67), of 25, John Street, Wombwell. Mr. Osborn died on Saturday and his wife on Monday. Mr. Osborn formerly worked as a deputy at Mitchell Main Colliery where his brother, Mr. William Osborn, of 23, John Street. Wombwell, is also employed in a similar capacity.  In August, 1938, however, he met with an accident In the mine, and had not worked since. 

The inquest was opened at Wombwell on Monday. Mrs. Osborn had made all the arrangements for her husband’s funeral, and had chosen the spot in Wombwell Cemetery where, in the ordinary course of events he would have been interred on Wednesday. Within four or five hours of the opening of the inquest she was dead, and Mr. Osborn’s funeral was deferred a day so that they could be buried side by side in the same plot. 

A GREAT SHOCK. 

Mrs. Osborn had been in poor health for some time, but it is said that her husband’s death was a great shock to her. The news was conveyed to her as feelingly as possible by an old friend, Mrs. Williams. Mrs. Ada Osborn, wife of Mr. William Osborn, told a “Times” reporter: “On being told of her husband’s death she was broken-hearted and gradually sank.’ Mr. and Mrs. Tom Osborn were known as a very devoted couple and with their death a shadow of personal bereavement has fallen on the district in which they lived. Mr. Tom Osborn was born in the little Devonshire village of Sticklepath, near Okehampton, and his wife, whose maiden name was Lucy Hill, in the neighbouring hamlet of Thrawley. As a boy, Mr. Osborn was employed in a tin mine, ‘ his father also being a tin miner. 

It chanced that during a period of slack trade a James Friend and his son left the Devonshire village to try their luck in Yorkshire, and worked first at the old Lundhill Colliery and later at Mitchell Main. Apparently Mr. Tom Osborn was impressed by their stories of big money to be earned in the Yorkshire coalfield, because when Mr. Friend’s son was returning north from a holiday in Devon, Tom Osborn was persuaded to come back with him, as also was Tom’s father, who worked at the sinking of Cortonwood Clliery. The Friends ultimately returned to Devon, but Mr. Tom Osborn and his brother, Mr. William Osborn, remained in Yorkshire. 

Mr. Tom Osborn was a deputy for eleven years, but for the greater part of the time prior to that was a contractor in stone. Mr. William Osborn has been a deputy at Mitchell Main for 23 years. 

AS BOY AND GIRL 

Mr. William Osborn told our reporter that Mr. Tom Osborn and his wife Lucy had been sweethearts since they were boy and girl and, true to promise, Tom made a home for his bride as soon as possible. On his 22nd birthday, he returned to Devon, married Lucy, and brought her back to Yorkshire. “They have always been lovers,” he said, “and have always lived for each other. As a youth. Tom never wanted anyone else.” Mr. Osborn spoke of many touching evidences of the deep devotion the couple entertained toward each other. 

Mr. and Mrs. Osborn leave nine Children (five sons and four daughters), seven of whom are married. Their youngest son. Albert Osborn, whose photograph was published in the “Times” last week, is at present serving with the B.E.F. in France, and it was stated during the week that if he could be got home in time the whole of the nine children would be present at the funeral yesterday, together with five grand-children. 

For 34 years Mr. and Mrs. Osborn have lived in the same house in John Street, Wombwell, and prior to that they lived in Melville Street, Wombwell, Mr. Osborn has been a member of Wombwell Reform Club for many years, but apart from that association his interests have been centred in his home.  His mother, Mrs. Martha Osborn (84, is still living at Sticklepath, Devon. For a long time she lived with her two sons at Wombwell, but being on holiday in Devon at the outbreak of the war she decided to remain there for the duration. She was too trail to travel to the funeral. 

The family circle of Mr. and Mrs. Osborn was completed in pathetic circumstances at Wombwell Cemetery yesterday, when all their nine children followed them to the grave where they were laid to rest, side by side. The ninth and youngest child, Private Albert Osborn (22), turned up at the last moment after a dramatic dash from France. where he has been serving since January. He had come home to attend the funeral of his father, not knowing that his mother had since died, and that it was to be a double burial. The method of burial was unique for Wombwell, and had been achieved by the reservation of a double grave space near the Summer Lane entrance to the Cemetery. 

Large crowds gathered along Barnsley Road, at the entrance to the Cemetery, and at the graveside. Mr. R. Rowley, of Barnsley Road Methodist Church, Wombwell, conducted the service. The ages of the nine children present at the funeral ranged from 43 to 22. They were Mrs. Minnie Palmer (and Mr. Oswald Palmer), Wombwell; Mr. William Osborn (and Mrs. Osborn), Sticklepath, Devon; Mr. Irving Osborn (and Mrs. Osborn), Wombwell; Mrs. Lydia Read (and Mr. V. Read), Wombwell; Mr. Wilfred Osborn, Wombwell; Mrs. Florence Wolsey (and Mr. Harold Wolsey), Brampton; Mr. Edgar Osborn, Cornwall, whose wife could not attend because of another family bereavement; Mrs. Lucy Utley (and Mr. Herbert Utley), Wombwell; and Private Albert Osborn. 

Other family mourners present were: Mr. and Mrs. William Osborn, Wombwell; Mrs. Thornhill, Miss Joan Osborn, Miss Florence Osborn. Miss Dorothy Read, and Miss Marian Wolsey. Among the numerous wreaths was one from Mr. Osborn’s mother, Mrs. Martha Osborn. of Sticklepath, Devon: and others were from Mrs. Osborn’s twin sister, Mrs. F. Harper, of Bishop’s Taunton, N. Devon, and another sister Mrs. Annie White. South Zeal, Devon. Mr. Osborn’s sister, Mrs. Hilda Endacott, who lives in Toronto. Canada, cabled for a wreath to be sent. There was another from Mr. Willie Endacott. of South Zeal. All the children, and the families of the married ones, sent wreaths. 

Workmen and deputies at Mitchell Main Colliery were bearers for Mr. Osborn, while members of Wombwell Reform Club acted in a similar capacity for Mrs. Osborn. The former were Messrs. A. Mosley and R. Honing, representing the Yorkshire Deputies Association; J. Sykes. W. Bashford and A. Wood (deputies): B. Sherridan, W. Thomas. J. Haywood, W. Chapman and C. Cooper (workmen). 

Mrs. Osborn’a bearers were Messrs. Walter Turner. George Oldfield, Horace Schofield, Charles Cooper. George Martin. Frank Salter, W. Stenton and Harry Moore. The funeral arrangements were in the hands of Messrs. M. Charlesworth and Son, funeral directors. 3. York Street, Wombwell. (‘Phone. Wombwell 208).

Childhood

I am starting to think about Childhood in my place #OnePlacestudy #Sticklepath. I would welcome any thoughts and contributions. Why now?  We have just celebrated bonfire night and my husband made treacle toffee, an annual tradition from his childhood.  For me 5th November was one of the few days in the year when we had baked potatoes, with lashing of butter!  The style of celebrations with a small bonfire in the back yard, a home-made ‘Guy’ to raise a few pennies to buy a few small domestic fireworks of my childhood had changed completely pre-covid to dramatic public displays for huge crowds, at enormous cost, raising vast sums for charities.  Incidentally did you make ‘genies’ as a child – definitely not to be recommended now – collecting the remaining powder from spent fireworks the next day and creating your own bangers and ‘genies’ of smoke?  Do not try this!

I recently acquired some school records from my visit to the Devon archive and some more through an extremely generous genie who scanned some at The National Archive for me. Such an amazing gift of her time and the recent scanning abilities we now all take for granted.  I am just starting the new Pharos online course with Linda Newey all about childhood, and have had the benefit of discussions in a small group run by Janet Few based on her book “Remember then” which is a great guide and activator for thinking about the changes that have occurred over the decades of our own and our grandparents lives. 

Many schools were formed in the 1870s and luckily centenary guides were often produced in the 1970s – Sticklepath included. In fact the 150th anniversary of your local school may well be approaching fast. (Note I have not yet seen the all important school log book, but many interesting snippets are included in that Jubilee guide).  Then of course I bring my own experiences of childhood, bringing up my own children, my experiences as a GP, of living in Malawi and now seeing my grandson develop.  Couple that with our ever increasing ability to access detailed records and newspaper articles and to seek free advice from fellow genies on all aspects online. 

Doubts often weigh heavy on my mind and it is hard to see what purpose there is in creating yet another snapshot of history, a further dusting off and re-telling of stories from the past.  This reflection illustrates my answer.  Our individual experiences, knowledge and abilities mean we can not only ‘update’ the presentation but we also bring a potentially unique and valid perspective too. Watch this space for aspects of childhood- coming soon!